Evaluation of helix innovation models and technology development zones in Türkiye within the national innovation system framework

Abstract

Economic growth and sustainable development, as well as increasing competitiveness in international markets, depend on the establishment of a knowledge-based socio-economic structure. Helix innovation models (HIM) are used to prepare the ground for a knowledge economy, society, and democracy, and to make economic growth and development sustainable. The triple HIM, focusing on the creation, diffusion, and commercialization of knowledge through triple network structures and hybrid organizations, is an effective model for fostering innovation and entrepreneurial culture. The model, obtained by including media-based and culture-based public and civil society actors in the triple helix structure, is referred to as the quadruple HIM. The triple and quadruple HIMs are expanded to include the natural environment factor in the quintuple HIM. Türkiye's national innovation system (NIS) has been designed within the scope of the triple HIM. The contribution of technology development zones (TDZs) in Türkiye to the NIS has been evaluated within the framework of HIMs and the entrepreneur and innovative university index. In this context, it has been concluded that enhancing intellectual property performance and economic and social contributions, as well as developing university-industry collaboration, are necessary.